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In information technology, virtual chargeback is a practice of charging back the costs of virtual IT infrastructure to departments or business units, that actually use it.〔(The rapid rise of chargeback ) John Dunn, August 2004〕 This means analyzing and recording the resource utilisation on virtual machines (VMs). == Definition and purpose of chargeback in a virtual context == The idea of chargeback in a traditional (non-virtualised) sense is not new, and references go as far back as the 1980s.〔 Publications available on the Internet generally support the notion that chargeback involved literally charging departments based on actual resource consumption rather than forecast usage.〔(Budgeting - Chargeback for Good or Evil ) Malcolm Wheatley, March 2003〕 Chargeback is most relevant to IT departments, simply because almost all areas of an organisation use computing resources. Rather than IT having to justify expenditures for another area of the organisation, the burden is on those departments who are actually planning on using the resource provided by IT. Virtual chargeback can be a particularly difficult process to implement, due to the use of shared/common resources.〔(Chargeback Process: An Old Model Heralds Changes in IT ) Laura Smith, July 16, 2010〕 However, the ''internal'' implementation of a chargeback process usually resides between the application and infrastructure layers, which gives the data-collection services of the application the ability to pull from virtual or actual components.〔(Outsourcing 2.0: Workable Business Models for IT Chargeback ) Mark Denne, June, 2008〕 Reasons for using a chargeback model include: • More effective use of IT services due to customers becoming more conscious of the cost associated with new hardware and software • A better understanding of the TCO (total cost of ownership) for performing a business function • Prevention of business groups being charged for applications and services they rarely use • The entire IT infrastructure is taken into account (i.e. from network I/O through to storage) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Virtual chargeback」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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